Causes

Every day events can expose a dog to the kinds of stress that can adversely affect the spine. Common causes of vertebral subluxation complexes in horse can include;

• Trauma - tumbles, twists and bangs
• Lack of mobility - the typical couch potato
• Transportation - with particular note to show dogs
• Performance events - agility dogs and greyhounds for example, repetitive stresses
• Age - the cumulative affect of minor or major trauma to the spine and the onset of osteoarthritis
• Restraints - incorrect fitting or use of leads, muzzles and restraints
• Birthing difficulties - forced extraction places strain on both the bitch and pup